髋关节镜治疗股骨髋臼撞击综合征中短期疗效观察

目的　探讨髋关节镜下行头臼成形术治疗股骨髋臼撞击综合征临床疗效。 方法 回顾分析2012年1月至2016年12月收治的30例（30髋）股骨髋臼撞击综合征患者,其中男19例,女11例,左髋21例,右髋9例,年龄22~50岁,平均年龄34.91岁。根据分型分别于关节镜下行股骨头成型术、髋臼成型术以及髋臼成型联合股骨头成型术,患者术后均采用Harris评分评估临床疗效并随访研究。 结果 所有患者均获随访,平均随访时间43.2月（34~51月）,术前Harris髋关节评分为（65.7±6.3）分,术后3、6、12个月及末次随访分别为（74.5±6.0）、（79.2±6.1）、（82.5±6.1）、和（83.1±8.2）分,与术前比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）,术后1年内Harris评分持续改善差异有显著性（P＜0.05）。 结论 髋关节镜治疗股骨髋臼撞击综合征可有效消除或减轻髋部疼痛、改善关节活动功能,可成为治疗股骨髋臼撞击综合征的良好选择。     

Is a helical shaped implant a superior alternative to the Dynamic Hip Screw for unstable femoral neck fractures? A biomechanical investigation

Background

The Dynamic Hip Screw is well established for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. However, cut-out occurs in 1–6% of all cases. This study compared the biomechanical performance of a helical shaped implant (DHS-Blade) to the Dynamic Hip Screw in an unstable femoral neck fracture model.

Methods

Ten pairs of human cadaveric femora were either instrumented with a DHS-Blade or a Dynamic Hip Screw. Osteotomies were created using a custom-made saw-guide. Cyclic loading was performed by introducing in vivo measured load-trajectories to the femoral head. Starting at 1500 N, the load was stepwise increased until failure of the construct. Radiographs were taken in 5000 cycles increments to identify onset of femoral head migration with respect to the implant. A survival analysis was performed on the cycles to onset of migration. A paired t-test was carried out on the displacements of the femoral head relative to the shaft as determined by optical motion tracking.

Findings

One hundred percent migrations occurred for the Dynamic Hip Screw compared to 50% for the DHS-Blade. The survival probability in terms of implant anchorage was found higher for the blade (P = 0.023). However, significant higher deformation of the repair construct was observed for the DHS-Blade (P = 0.004).

Interpretation

The study showed superior implant anchorage of the DHS-Blade compared to the DHS, which might reduce the cut-out risk. Nevertheless, the blade allowed higher deformation of the femur mainly resulting in shortening of the neck, which might be due to a systematic loss of fracture reduction.     

人工全髋关节置换术中3种肢体长度测量方法比较

目的：分析人工全髋关节置换术中3种常用肢体长度测量方法的准确性,探讨影响其准确性的原因及对策。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月行人工全髋关节置换手术的患者145例,男66例,女79例;年龄48～89岁,平均66．7岁。术中采用3种不同的肢体长度测量方法,其中31例采用健侧对照法（A法）,63例采用克氏针定位测量法（B法）,51例采用解剖标志定位测量法（C法）。术后检查双下肢长度差,并比较这3种方法的准确性及肢体不等长的发生率。结果：145例患者术后获得随访,上述3种方法在手术时间、出血量上差异无统计学意义。A、B、C法术后双下肢长度差的平均值分别为（8．7±5．7）、（3．1±2．6）、（5．6±5．3）mm,各组间的差异均有统计学意义,准确性从高到低依次为B、C、A法。A、B、C法术后发生双下肢不等长的比例分别为32．3％、1．6％、11．8％,A法的发生比例较B、C法高,B法与C法之间差异无统计学意义。结论：上述的3种方法中克氏针定位测量法（B法）最为准确,解剖标志定位测量法（C法）其次,健侧对照法（A法）准确性最差。建议除股骨颈骨折患者外均采用克氏针定位测量法,对于股骨颈骨折患者可采用解剖标志定位测量法。     

儿童髋关节滑膜唇皱襞嵌顿症超声表现特征

目的探讨儿童髋关节滑膜唇皱襞嵌顿症(LPEH)超声表现特征。方法对18例确诊为LPEH的病例进行患侧、健侧髋关节内外结构的超声表现进行分析评价。结果LPEH患髋关节囊平均厚度较健侧增厚[(0.33±0.07)cmvs(0.25±0.05)cm,P<0.05];关节腔内积液1级0%,2级22%(4/18),3级78%(14/18);内下隐窝宽度较前隐窝明显增宽[(1.13±0.35)cmvs(0.55±0.21)cm,P<0.05];内下隐窝内见嵌顿滑膜唇皱襞呈稍强回声占位性团块(长0.51~2.50cm,宽0.50~1.20cm),88%(16/18)嵌顿皱襞内未见血流信号;所有病例治疗后患髋超声复查恢复正常。结论儿童LPEH具有特征性超声表现;超声可作为诊断、监测治疗儿童LPEH的重要手段。     

Traumatic anterior hip dislocation in a 12-year-old child

Hip dislocation in children can occur congenitally in isolation or in conjunction with other congenital abnormalities.Traumatic hip dislocations in children are relatively uncommon and anterior disloca...     

Pseudoaneurysm of profunda femoris artery following dynamic hip screw fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fracture

Dynamic hip screw fixation is a commonly performed procedure for internal fixation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Arterial injury following the operative fixation is a rare but serious event.We...     

Minimum 10 Year Survivorship Analysis of a Partially Coated Hydroxyapatite Tapered Femoral Stem in Elderly Patients With an Average Age Over 75

This is a retrospective, non-comparative study of 212 consecutive patients who underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty with an uncemented hydroxyapatite (HA) coated stem system from November 1997 to March 2000. The objective of the study was to analyze the performance of the implant at a minimum of 10 years in older patients (mean age 79.6 years). The Kaplan-Meier survivorship of the femoral stem at 10 years was 100%, and 97.5% for the whole prosthesis. The mean Merle d'Aubigné clinical score improved from 4.4 ± 2.1 points pre-operatively to 13.39 ± 3.77 points at final follow-up (p < 0.05), and the mean VAS score for thigh pain was 1.25. The radiographic analysis showed that there were no significant radiolucent lines or osteolysis compromising the fixation of the implant.     

Discordance Between Patient and Surgeon Satisfaction After Total Joint Arthroplasty

We surveyed 331 patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty pre-operatively, and patients and surgeons were both surveyed 6 and 12 months post-operatively. We identified variables (demographic factors, operative factors and patient expectations) as possible predictors for discordance in patient–surgeon satisfaction. At 12 months, 94.5% of surgeons and 90.3% of patients recorded satisfaction with the outcome. The discordance between patient and surgeon satisfaction was mainly due to patient dissatisfaction–surgeon satisfaction. In an adjusted analysis, the strongest predictors of discordance in patient–surgeon satisfaction were unmet patient expectations and the presence of complications. Advice to potential joint arthroplasty candidates regarding the decision to proceed with surgery should be informed by patient reported outcomes, rather than the surgeon's opinion of the likelihood of success.     

单侧腰-硬联合麻醉用于高龄患者髋关节手术的效果

【摘要】 目的 探讨80岁以上高龄患者髋关节置换手术采用单侧腰硬联合麻醉的临床效果。 方法 我院2009年至2011年择期行髋关节置换手术病例130例,年龄在80~96岁,ASA Ⅱ~Ⅲ级。将130例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各65例,观察组于L3-L4穿刺采用单侧腰硬联合麻醉;对照组于L2-L3穿刺采用硬膜外麻醉。两组患者一般资料无明显差异,具有可比性。观察两组麻醉效果。 结果 观察组患者在麻醉起效时间和麻醉阻滞完善时间明显较对照组快,(P<0.05)。两组患者麻醉前后心率无明显变化,对照组的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压麻醉后与术前比较波动较大(P<0.05)。两组患者麻醉效果比较,观察组麻醉效果好于对照组。 结论 单侧腰硬联合麻醉具有起效快、镇痛和肌松效果好、麻醉平面可控性强、呼吸循环影响小等优点,可安全有效地用于高龄患者的手术麻醉。     

Persistent pain after joint replacement: prevalence, sensory qualities, and postoperative determinants

Persistent postsurgical pain is a prevalent but underacknowledged condition. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, sensory qualities, and postoperative determinants of persistent pain at 3 to 4 years after total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR). Patients completed a questionnaire with included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Pain Scale, PainDetect Questionnaire, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and questions about general health and socioeconomic status. A total of 632 TKR patients and 662 THR patients completed a questionnaire (response rate of 73%); 44% of TKR patients and 27% of THR patients reported experiencing persistent postsurgical pain of any severity, with 15% of TKR patients and 6% of THR patients reporting severe-extreme persistent pain. The persistent pain was most commonly described as aching, tender, and tiring, and only 6% of TKR patients and 1% of THR patients reported pain that was neuropathic in nature. Major depression and the number of pain problems elsewhere were found to be significant and independent postoperative determinants of persistent postsurgical pain. In conclusion, this study found that persistent postsurgical pain is common after joint replacement, although much of the pain is mild, infrequent, or an improvement on preoperative pain. The association between the number of pain problems elsewhere and the severity of persistent postsurgical pain suggests that patients with persistent postsurgical pain may have an underlying vulnerability to pain.